“IPMDA (Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness) bridges the gap between India's SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision and the Quad's collective Indo-Pacific strategy.” Make a critical assessment of the statement focusing on IPMDA.

"The office of the Governor occupies a unique position in India’s federal constitutional structure.” Discuss the constitutional role of the Governor and the major issues surrounding the exercise of discretionary powers.

Distinguish between disinflation and deflation. Why can a decline in the rate of inflation coexist with a rise in the general price level? Explain with suitable examples.

Wetlands are often described as ‘natural infrastructure’. Discuss their ecological and economic significance and suggest measures for their conservation in the face of rapid urbanisation.

mRNA technology has expanded the possibilities of modern vaccine development. Explain its working principle, potential applications and major challenges associated with its wider use.

The Bhakti movement was not a homogeneous movement but a diverse collection of devotional traditions. Examine its contribution to Indian society, literature and regional cultures.

“Fiscal consolidation and economic growth are not necessarily conflicting objectives.” Discuss in the context of India’s public finance management. (150 words)

The effectiveness of parliamentary democracy depends not merely on constitutional provisions but also on institutional conventions and accountability mechanisms. Examine. (150 words)

Carbon markets can contribute to climate mitigation, but their effectiveness depends on the integrity of emission measurement and verification. Discuss. (150 words)

Ashokan inscriptions represent an important transition from archaeological evidence to direct textual evidence in reconstructing early Indian history. Analyse. (150 words)